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“This is a multilayer film that is made of very thin polymer membranes that are bound with conservation-grade varnish, and this mask it is a color-accurate printed mask of just the regions that need to be restored in the painting and is otherwise transparent everywhere else,” explains Alex Kachkine, a mechanical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who has led the study.

Varnish is a liquid that, when applied to a surface and dried, forms a hard, protective coating, often used for preserving artworks or finishes on wood.